The question in the title: Why a pen's dose steps are fixed and what that costs you I will give what I have already checked below so nobody repeats it.
A question about a device rather than about a compound, which I gather is the right category for it.
The instruction leaflet covers the normal case clearly. Mine is not quite the normal case and the leaflet does not say what happens next.
Before anyone suggests it: yes, I have read the whole leaflet, including the part everybody skips.